Gutunganya imyanda ni ikoranabuhanga rikora impapuro mu buryo butatu. Ikoresha impapuro z'imyanda nk'ibikoresho fatizo kandi ikorwamo imiterere runaka y'impapuro hakoreshejwe imashini ikora imyanda. Ifite ibyiza bine by'ingenzi: ibikoresho fatizo ni impapuro z'imyanda, harimo ikarito, impapuro z'imyanda, impapuro z'umweru z'inkombe, n'ibindi, hamwe n'amasoko menshi atandukanye; Igikorwa cyo gukora kirangizwa n'ibikorwa nko gusya, gusya, kumisha no gushushanya, birengera ibidukikije; Bishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa; Ingano ni ntoya ugereranyije n'iya pulasitiki y'ifuro, ishobora guhurirana, kandi gutwara ibintu biroroshye. Gutunganya imyanda, uretse gukoreshwa mu dusanduku tw'amafunguro n'ibikoresho byo ku meza, binakoreshwa mu gupakira imitako mu nganda, kandi byateye imbere vuba.
1.Ibyiza byo gupfunyika ibikomoka ku mavuta.
Ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gupfunyika, ibyiza byo gupfunyika mu buryo bwa pump bukoreshwa mu kurengera ibidukikije biragaragara neza:
Ibikoresho fatizo byo gushushanya ibimera bikunze gukoresha insinga z’ibimera karemano nka bagiteri y’ibisheke, ikoreshwa gake cyane ugereranije n’udusanduku dusanzwe two gupakiramo. Byongeye kandi, ibisheke bifite ubushobozi bwo kongera kubyara kandi bigakomeza kubaho.
Ku bijyanye n'ingano, udusanduku two gupakira twakozwe mu buryo bwa pulp tungana, ariko uburemere bwatwo n'uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa ni bike ugereranije n'udusanduku dusanzwe two gupakira. Udusanduku dusanzwe two gupakira ntidushobora gukorwa hatarimo ibiti, ariko ibikoresho fatizo byo gupakira byakozwe mu buryo bwa pulp bikomoka ku bisheke, ibyo bigatuma habaho igitutu gito ku bidukikije.
Udusanduku two gupakiramo twakozwe mu buryo bwa pulpBibora kandi bishobora kubora. Bitewe n'inyungu karemano z'ibikoresho, ibipfunyika byakozwe mu ifumbire bitakoreshejwe mu mezi atatu bishobora kubora cyane cyangwa burundu mu bihe bisanzwe, haba mu kirere cyangwa mu myanda, kandi bishobora guhindurwamo ifumbire, bigatera imbere ku bidukikije kandi birambye, bigabanya cyane umwanda uterwa no gupfunyika.
Igishushanyo gikomeye kandi gifite imiterere ihanitse. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ibumba ry'udupfunyika mu gihe cyo gukora, uburyo bwo gukora buroroshye, ishoramari ry'ibikoresho byo gukora ni rito, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ni nke. Kandi ishobora guhindurwamo ipaki y'inganda zitandukanye, nko kwita ku ruhu, ipaki yo hanze ya Chanel na Runbaiyan, nk'agasanduku k'impano ka Tencent's mooncake, n'agasanduku gasanzwe gakoreshwa mu gusana.agasanduku k'ibiryo by'ibisheke, n'ibindi. Kugaragara kw'izi paki bigaragaza neza ko paki zo muri iki gihe zibungabunga ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye ari byo nzira ikwiye.
2. Gushyira mu bikorwaifu ikozwe mu gitiibicuruzwa!
Nk'umusaruro ukiri mushya w’icyatsi kibisi kandi utangiza ibidukikije, ibicuruzwa byabumbwe mu mavuta byagiye bigaragaza akamaro kabyo mu ikoreshwa.
Amasosiyete manini arimo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushushanya impumuro y'isuku, afite amahirwe menshi arenze uko wabitekereza. Reka turebe inyungu bishobora kuzana mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Ibikoresho byabumbwe mu buryo bwa pulp bifite ingaruka nziza ku gushyuha, kudashyuha, kudatuza, kurwanya ingese, kandi birengera ibidukikije, ibyo bikaba byiza ku bicuruzwa by’ababikora binjira ku masoko mpuzamahanga no mu gihugu. Bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye nko guteka, ibiryo, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, mudasobwa, ibikoresho by’imashini, ibikoresho by’inganda, ibirahure by’inganda, ibirahure by’inganda, ibikinisho, imiti, imitako, nibindi.
1) Gupfunyika ibiryo:
Ibikoresho byo ku meza byakozwe mu buryo bw'ibinureyerekeza ku bikoresho byo ku meza by'impapuro byakozwe mu buryo bwo gushushanya, gushushanya no kumisha. Bikubiyemo cyane cyane ibikombe by'impapuro byabumbwe, amasahani y'impapuro yabumbwe, amasanduku yo kurya y'impapuro yabumbwe, amasahani y'impapuro yabumbwe, n'amasahani y'impapuro yabumbwe.
Amasosiyete manini arimo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushushanya impumuro y'isuku, afite amahirwe menshi arenze uko wabitekereza. Reka turebe inyungu bishobora kuzana mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Ibicuruzwa byayo bifite isura nziza kandi ifatika, bikomeye kandi bikozwe mu buryo bwa pulasitiki, birwanya gukanda no gupfunyika, bifite ibikoresho byoroheje, kandi byoroshye kubika no gutwara; Ntishobora kuvomererwa n'amazi kandi ntishobora gushyuha amavuta, kandi ishobora no kumenyera kubika ahantu hakonjesha no gushyushya muri mikoroonde; Ntishobora gusa kumenyera imirire y'abantu ba none n'imiterere y'ibiribwa, ahubwo inashobora guhaza ibyifuzo byo gutunganya ibiryo byihuse. Ibikoresho byo ku meza bikozwe mu buryo bwa pulp ni byo bisimbura ibikoresho byo ku meza bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kubikora.
2) Gupfunyika mu nganda:
Gukoresha ibikoresho by'impapuro nk'umukandara bifite ibyiza byo kuba plastike nziza n'imbaraga zikomeye zo gupfunyika, byujuje neza ibisabwa mu gupfunyika kw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Uburyo bwo kubitunganya biroroshye kandi butangiza ibidukikije, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihutisha ibintu kandi bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.
Ibikoresho byo gupfunyika mu nganda birimo gukoreshwa cyane buhoro buhoro mu gupfunyika ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'itumanaho, ibikoresho bya mudasobwa, ibumba, ibirahure, ibikoresho, ibikinisho, amatara, ubukorikori n'ibindi bicuruzwa.
3) Gupakira ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ibikomoka ku bimera:
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu ruganda rw'ubuhinzi n'ibikomoka ku bimera bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni amasahani y'amagi.
Ibikoresho by'amagi byakozwe mu mpapuro bikwiriye cyane mu gutwara no gupakira amagi menshi, amagi y'ibishuhe, amagi y'inkoko, n'andi magi y'inkoko bitewe n'uko adafite ibikoresho bifatika kandi afite imiterere yihariye y'amagi, ndetse no guhumeka neza, kuba mashya, ndetse no gushyiramo neza no gushyira mu mwanya wayo. Gukoresha udupaki tw'amagi twakozwe mu mpapuro mu gupakira amagi mashya bishobora kugabanya igipimo cy'ibyangiritse by'ibikomoka ku magi kuva kuri 8% kugeza kuri 10% by'ibipfunyika bisanzwe kugeza munsi ya 2% mu gihe cyo gutwara amagi kure.
Buhoro buhoro, impapuro zometseho imbuto n'imboga nazo zarakunzwe cyane. Izindi pallet zikozwe mu mpapuro ntizishobora gukumira gusa kugongana no kwangirika hagati y'imbuto, ahubwo zishobora no gusohora ubushyuhe bw'imbuto, zigakura amazi yavuye mu mwuka, zikagabanya ubushyuhe bwa ethylene, zikarinda kwangirika no kwangirika kw'imbuto, zikongera igihe cyo kuba nshya z'imbuto, kandi zikagira uruhare izindi paki zidashobora kugira.
Muri iki gihe, bitewe n’iterambere ry’inganda, inkono za fibre zishobora gushyirwamo ifumbire no gutegurwa hakoreshejwe ifumbire irimo gukurura cyane abakozi b’ubuhinzi bw’imboga. Ziramba kandi zirahendutse, kandi inyungu yazo ikomeye ni uko nta mpamvu yo gutera izindi kugira ngo zihinge imbuto. Nyuma y’uko imbuto zivutse, zishobora guterwa hamwe n’igikombe (igikombe gishobora kwangirika ubwacyo), ibyo bikaba bizigama abakozi, igihe, kandi bikaba bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kubaho.
4) Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi:
Inganda z’ubuvuzi zungukiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byabumbwe, birimo imashini zikoreshwa mu gusana, imashini zikoreshwa mu gusana, imashini zikoreshwa mu gusana, n’ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo imiti n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Iyi ngeso iri kugenda yihuta igana ku ikoreshwa mu gusana kuko bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara zitandukanye.
Ikibazo gikomeye mu ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho gakondo by'ubuvuzi ni uko kwica udukoko tutuzuye bishobora gutera kwandura indwara zitandukanye. Iyo hakoreshejwe impapuro zikoreshwa mu gusana, udufuka tw'ibisebe, amasafuriya yo kuryamaho, udupfundikizo, n'udupira, ntabwo gusa bishobora kwirindwa kwica udukoko no kubyara bikagabanuka, ahubwo n'imyanda yabyo ishobora gutwikwa nta ngaruka mbi z'uburozi. Byongeye kandi, igiciro cy'ibikoresho byo mu mpapuro ni gito, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kwemerwa n'abaganga ndetse n'abarwayi, bigatuma abantu benshi boroherwa mu kazi k'ubuvuzi no mu buforomo.
5) Inzego zikoresha udushya:
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu mavuta ntabwo bigira gusa intego zavuzwe haruguru, ahubwo binagira imirimo yihariye yo gushariza, nk'ibicuruzwa by'umuco n'ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori; imiyoboro y'impapuro; Amacupa, utubati, amasanduku, imbaho zo gushushanya, nibindi bikozwe icyarimwe. Bizagira kandi ubushobozi bukomeye mu nganda nka gisirikare, imyenda, n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu.
4. Abashobora kuzamurwa mu ntera!
Nk'umusaruro ukiri mushya udafite ingaruka ku bidukikije, ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu ruhu birimo kwinjira buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy'ubuzima bw'umusaruro. Bitewe no kunoza imibereho y'abantu no gusobanukirwa ibidukikije, ndetse no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ry'ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu ruhu, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bikozwe mu ruhu buzarushaho gukwirakwira, bikagira uruhare runini mu kurengera ibidukikije ku isi no kubuza pulasitiki.
Ibikoresho byakozwe mu ibumba bifite imiterere y’ibikoresho fatizo byinshi, gukora no gukoresha bidafite umwanda, gukoresha ibintu byinshi, bihendutse, bifite uburemere bworoshye, bifite imbaraga nyinshi, bifite plastike nziza, bigabanya ubushyuhe, bishobora guhindurwa, kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa. Ikirenzeho, ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byo gupfunyika mu ibumba, bifite intambwe y’ingenzi - byazamuye uburyo bwo gupfunyika mu mpapuro kuva ku ibumba kugeza ku ibumba mu mpapuro nshya.
Ibikoresho bya Pulp bumbled ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi mu mateka y’iterambere ry’impapuro zo gupakira, kandi agaciro kabyo mu bukungu n’urwego rwo gusimbuza byaremewe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga. Ibikoresho bya Pulp bumbled bifite imbaraga zikomeye kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kubikoresha mu buryo bwagutse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2023